About 40% of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in development pipelines are poorly water soluble drugs which limit clinical application, formulation approaches and marketability. Solid dispersion is a promising approach to improve solubility and dissolution properties of water insoluble drugs. In this technique, one or more API is dispersed in an inert carrier or matrix at the solid state prepared by solvent, melting or solvent-melting method. In solid dispersions solubility is increased by reducing particle size possibly to molecular level, enhancing wettability and porosity, as well as changing drug crystalline state preferably into amorphous state. Recently, surfactants have been included to stabilize the formulations, thus avoiding drug recrystallization and potentiating their solubility. This review shade light on need of solubility enhancement, basic concept, advantages, classification, mechanism drug release and characterization techniques of solid dispersion.
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